Rome

• Rome was an empire unlike Greece
• The Roman empire still influences our world today in architecture, engineering, etc.
• Aneas falls in love with Dido; the Gods say he must leave her in Carthage to go to Italy; she kills herself out of despair

1. Aeneas / Trojans defeat Latium
2. Iullis becomes King; sets up capitol in Alba Longa (SE of Rome); for many generations it is the center of Trojan civilization (Rome does not exist yet); conquered by Rome
3. The story of Rome's existence: Two twin boys Romulus and Remus were raised by a she-wolf, they grow up and declare war on each other; Romulus wins, Remus is dead; Romulus founds a city: Roma which is Rome.

• The Tiber River runs though Rome
• Rome was founded in 753 B.C.E. on seven hills
• As Athens was going through the Persian Wars and Socrates and the Classical Age etc., Rome was very rural and not even on the maps, it was only a village
• Roman Society - Two classes: The Patricians: money, power, influence; The Plebeians: everyone else.
• The Struggle of the Orders is the conflict between the Patricians and the Plebeians; the Plebes made up a senate which makes a problem for the Patricians
• The Punic Wars - 264 - 146 BC
• Tarquin the sixth raped the wife of a Roman Patrician: Lucretia; she kills herself; the tarquins are kicked out.
• The Roman Republic is founded in 509 BCE by Lucius Junius Brutus

4. Struggle of the Orders / Tribune of the Plebs
5. Roman Expansion / Pyrrhus
6. 1st Punic War

• Alexander III
• Also known as Alexander the Great
• Born in Macedonia in July 356 B.C.
• His father was the king of Macedon
• His father was assassinated when he was 19, he took over the throne
• He gets revenge on his father's killers
• Alexander decides to take revenge on the Persians for invading during the Persian War many years before
• He makes his name as the guy who invades Persia
• He conquers the ENTIRE known world
• First he goes to Troy, lands on the shore (a symbolic gesture…) he hurls his spear at the seashore where it sticks in the ground, he says "By this spear I claim Persia"
• He goes to a village called Gordian
• The legend in Gordian is the Gordian Knot, a knot on an ox-cart in a field that whoever can figure it out will conquer the world
• He slashes it with his sword after saying "it does not matter how the knot is undone"

• He makes his way to Cairo
• The Egyptians love him because he wants to take revenge on the Persians whom they hate
• Alexander founds the city of Alexandria in Egypt
• He and a small group head up the Nile out into the desert to the Siwa Oasis
• There is an oracle in Siwa (oracles were really important in the ancient world), as soon as he gets there they greet him as the son of God, they tell him he is the son of the God Amon(the equivalent of the Greek God Zeus)

• He goes back to Egypt and knows he is ready for war
• The capital of Persia is Persepolis (the Persian Empire is the greatest empire at that time)
• Alexander invades through Mesopotamia(modern-day Iraq)
• In 333 B.C., A meets Darius, the king of Persia, on the battlefield